History:
Any connection with the sacred games of the ancient Romans being obscured
by time, the earliest known antecedents of the race are medieval. The
town's central piazza was the site of public games, largely
combative: pugna, a sort of many-sided boxing match or brawl;
jousting; and in the 16th century, bullfights. Public races organized by
the Contrade were popular from the 14th century on; called palii
alla lunga, they were run across the whole city. When the Grand
Duke of Tuscany outlawed bullfighting in 1590, the Contrade took to
organising races in the Piazza del Campo. The first such races were
on buffalo-back and called bufalate; asinate, races on
donkey-back, later took their place, while horse-racing continued
elsewhere. The first modern Palio (called palio alla tonda to
distinguish it from the earlier palii alla lunga) took place around
1650. At first, one race was held each year, on July 2; a second, on
August 16, was added later.